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Buoyage
Practical guides to the COLREGS, buoyage, lights and shapes, and exam prep - written to be useful at the chart table, not just in the classroom.
COLREGS rulesBuoyageExam prepNavigation lightsSeamanship
Cardinal Marks: A Memory System That Survives a Night Watch
Topmark arrows, clock-face light rhythms, and exactly where the safe water is. A practical memory guide to IALA cardinal marks for skippers and exam candidates.
BuoyageIALANavigation
IALA Buoyage Regions A and B: what actually changes
Lateral marks swap colours between IALA Region A and Region B - cardinal, safe water, isolated danger and special marks do not. Here is the difference that matters, and how to keep it straight.